Tectochrysin, a natural compound found in propolis, has demonstrated the ability to slow the development of colorectal cancer and reduce metastases in animal experiments.
Researchers published the results of their study in the journal Food & Function, reporting that the substance inhibits tumor growth and prevents cancer cells from invading surrounding tissues.
In laboratory experiments on colorectal cancer cells, tectochrysin significantly reduced cell viability. The compound also suppressed the ability of cancer cells to reproduce, move, and penetrate into healthy surrounding tissue.
In addition, the compound prevented the formation of new blood vessels. Tumors require a constant network of new blood vessels to supply oxygen and nutrients necessary for sustained growth.
Colorectal cancer and bee propolis
Propolis is a resinous compound produced by honeybees from plant resins and botanical sources. Bees use propolis to seal openings, reinforce hive structures, and protect their colonies against microbial threats.
Colorectal cancer originates in the colon or rectum of the digestive tract. Malignant tumors in the colon rely heavily on blood vessel growth, known as angiogenesis, to sustain their rapid expansion.
Mouse trial results and metastatic spread
Scientists confirmed the therapeutic effect in living test subjects during trials conducted on mice. Tectochrysin reduced tumor activity and decreased the number of metastatic foci in the liver and lungs of the animals.
Microscopic examination showed that the tumor tissue of treated mice contained fewer blood vessels than untreated tissue, confirming that blood vessel growth was suppressed inside the tumors.
Metastasis is the process by which cancer cells separate from a primary tumor and travel through the circulatory system to form secondary tumors in distant organs. Liver and lung metastases are common complications in advanced colorectal cancer.
Targeting the ERBB4 signaling pathway
Researchers linked the antitumor effects of tectochrysin to a biological protein called ERBB4. This protein plays a key role in transmitting signals that promote the growth and systemic spread of cancer cells.
During the experiments, tectochrysin directly interacted with the ERBB4 protein. By binding to the receptor, the compound suppressed the signaling pathways that normally encourage cancer cells to multiply.
The ERBB4 protein belongs to the epidermal growth factor receptor family, which regulates vital cellular processes including growth, division, and survival. Overactive signaling in these protein pathways can accelerate tumor progression.
Future research and human testing
The antitumor capabilities of tectochrysin have so far been demonstrated only in laboratory dish cultures and animal models. Scientists emphasize that the findings are preliminary and have not been tested in humans.
Before researchers can consider potential medical treatments for human patients, further studies are required. Scientists must investigate how the compound is absorbed, evaluate its safety profile, and confirm its effectiveness in clinical trials.
