Melasma: Know what is the best routine to lighten the spots

From time to time, questions about what causes the melasma and What are the best alternatives To reverse the diagnosis pops up on social networks.

THE CNN the biomedical THIAGO MARTINS Explains that the condition is characterized by the emergence of dark, usually brownish spots that appear more often on the face, especially on the forehead, cheeks, nose and region of the fluff.

“In short, it is an acquired chronic hyperpigmentation that results from increased and unregulated melanin production by melanocytes. The condition is stimulated by factors such as sun exposure, hormonal changes and genetic predisposition, and although it is not a risk of health, it can have a great impact on patient self-esteem and quality of life,” he says.

But after all, why does the melasma occur?

According to the expert, the Melasma has multifactorial origin . Its pathophysiology involves the hyperactivity of melanocytes, which now produce excessive melanin in localized form. This answer is often triggered by sun exposure, including visible light and heat, hormonal changes and genetic predisposition.

“The integrity of the skin barrier and the presence of inflammatory processes and vascular changes in the dermis also contribute to the maintenance of hyperpigmentation. In addition, recent studies point to oxidative stress as an aggravating condition,” he says.

Most common profiles to diagnosis

According to the expert, anyone can develop the melasma. However, it is more prevalent in certain populations, especially people with dark skin – classified among phototypes III to V – due to the greater activity of melanocytes.

“It is also more often diagnosed in women, especially in childbearing age, reflecting the role of hormonal changes as a trigger or aggravating factor,” he adds.

It is also important to highlight that the most common profile of melasma patients is composed of women between 20 and 50 years, with a history of intense sun exposure and use of exogenous hormones such as contraceptives or hormone therapy.

“Pregnancy is also a period when the condition can manifest or intensify. This is explained why female sex hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, stimulate melanocytes, favoring melanin production. The genetic factor plays an important role, which justifies the most frequent occurrence in families with similar history,” he adds.

Is it possible to reverse the diagnosis?

Also CNN the dermatologist Lucas Miranda It stresses that reversing the melasma requires discipline and specialized dermatological monitoring. The first measure is to adopt rigorous photoprotection daily with filters that protect against grape, UVB and visible light. Topical depigmenting agents are then indicated, which inhibit melanin production and promote the gradual whitening of the skin.

“Depending on the severity of the case, antioxidant oral treatments and dermatological procedures can be associated, such as peelings, micro -leveling and laser technologies. Constancy in treatment and adaptation of the approach over time is fundamental to obtain effective and sustainable results,” he says.

Treatments available on the market

Today, the treatment of melasma can be divided into three main fronts: topics, orals and procedures.

“Among the most widely used topics are hydroquinone, tranexamic acid, kojic acid, niacinamide and azelaic acid, all with depigmenting and modulating action of melanogenesis. Oral treatment may include antioxidants such as polypodium leucotomus, and in selected cases, tranexamic acid by systemic, always with systemic. Strict accompaniment, ”says Lucas.

In the field of procedures, the Laser Fotona Starwalker, which operates with advanced technologies that allow precise and effective treatment. “It acts by breaking skin pigments into smaller particles, facilitating its elimination by the body. Technology uses specific light pulses that act directly on the blemishes, reducing hyperpigmentation and improving skin texture.”

Prevention routine

Melasma prevention should be continuous and multidimensional. See tips:

1. The first and most important step is the daily use of sunscreen with SPF 50 or higher, which offers protection against grapes, UVB and visible light;
2. The reapplication should be done every three hours, including closed or cloudy environments. It is also essential to adopt physical barriers, such as wide tab hats, visors and sunglasses;
3. At night, it is recommended to use antioxidant assets and soft whitening, such as niacinamide and Azelaic acid, which help to even the tone of the skin and prevent relapse;
4. Avoiding direct heat sources such as ovens, saunas and very hot baths is equally important.
5. The use of annoying cosmetics should also be avoided, and maintain a regular dermatological care routine, with specialized professional guidance, ensures the control of the long-term condition and skin health.

How to use sunscreen correctly? Dermatologist gives tips

This content was originally published in Melasma: Know which is the best routine to lighten the stains on CNN Brazil.

Source: CNN Brasil